Political Philosophy and Machiavelli Essay

Nicolo Machiavelli is a notable scholar of the Italian Renaissance from the sixteenth century. The arrival of the Medici family in Florence in 1512 constrained Machiavelli out of office, and he composed The Prince subsequent to resigning from the general population. The Prince is one of his most well known works, it portrays the methods by which another pioneer may pick up and look after force. His thoughts can be applied to new rulers extending from another head to another leader of another nation. While talking about his thoughts for new rulers, Machiavelli says â€Å"Upon this an inquiry emerges: regardless of whether it be smarter to be adored than dreaded or dreaded than cherished? † (Machiavelli 98). On the off chance that a ruler can't do both, it is smarter to be adored than dreaded. Machiavelli addresses his own inquiry through his thoughts of what makes a fruitful ruler. He contends that a sovereign is a lot more secure being dreaded than adored. Machiavelli says â€Å"†¦ for affection is saved by the connection of commitment which, inferable from the degeneracy of men, is broken at each open door for their favorable position; however dread jam you by a fear of discipline which never comes up short. † (Machiavelli 99). He says that being adored makes open door for being exploited and being dreaded doesn’t come up short. Carrying apprehension to his kin with pitilessness would make them joined together and faithful. The vast majority who are dreadful of any power dread discipline, so they are increasingly disposed to not go too far of irreverence. Unquestionably, being cherished is progressively wanted from the individuals and has a more noteworthy worth contrasted with being dreaded, despite the fact that the advantages of being dreaded can make a pioneer effective. Since it’s preferred to be cherished over dreaded, there are three significant qualities to need to guarantee that the new individuals you’re administering love you; these attributes are being straightforward, having regard, and being defensive. Genuineness is a significant trademark to have on the grounds that the group of individuals you’re administering and the manner in which they act is an impression of yourself. On the off chance that you make genuine and great conduct a key worth, your kin will do likewise. In the event that you don’t make genuine and great conduct a key worth, your kin won’t believe that you are continually making the best decision and coming clean. Machiavelli says, â€Å"Everyone sees what you seem, by all accounts, to be, not many experience what you truly are. † (Machiavelli 106). His statement shouldn’t be valid if you’re a legitimate and honest pioneer. Machiavelli says in his statement that a pioneer doesn't demonstrate his total self to everybody, that he shows a demonstration of goodness to his kin and just uncovers what he truly is to the individuals who request it. Being a legit pioneer all around will just assistance gain your people’s trust and genuine affection. This statement likewise integrates with the one that peruses â€Å"†¦ it is pointless for a ruler to have all the great characteristics I have listed, however it is extremely important to seem to have them. † (Machiavelli 250). Machiavelli says that a pioneer must put on a bogus face to his kin and claim to have characteristics that he doesn't really have. It’s not worthy to conceal yourself from your kin provided that you state you’re going to ensure them regardless and you pull out when something awful occurs, your kin will be baffled and won’t have trust in you. An effective pioneer who wishes to be adored ought to be straightforward to his kin for who he truly is on the grounds that it will give him regard. You can’t gain regard without giving admiration. Regard is one of the most significant attributes to have while being a pioneer since individuals consistently need to be in a situation where they feel esteemed. A pioneer isn’t going to be fruitful if their kin aren’t cheerful and feel as though they aren’t significant. In the event that a pioneer is certified with deference, his kin will be additionally ready to give back regard and do as he says. However, truly it is essential to give regard whether they feel the pioneer merits it or not. As Machiavelli says, â€Å"A sovereign is likewise regarded when he is either a genuine companion or an out and out adversary. † (Machiavelli 250). It doesn’t matter the connection you have with your pioneer, regardless of whether they’re a genuine companion or an out and out foe, you’re going to regard them in light of the fact that they’re your pioneer. Your kin dislike what you do, yet you will be regarded. It’s evident that being regarded out of real love is the better than being regarded out of dread, and that great regard should prompt great certainty inside the pioneer. The sentiment of being shielded is wanted from many individuals. On the off chance that you’re another head, your understudies and staff need bolts on entryways and an official close by. In the event that you’re the new leader of a nation, your country needs to realize that they have a solid and solid armed force battling for and ensuring the nation. An effective pioneer ought to consistently be prepared for whatever circumstances may come. Machiavelli says, â€Å"He who does something else, either from hesitancy or insidiousness counsel, is constantly constrained to keep the blade in his grasp. † (Machiavelli 61). A pioneer ought to consistently be prepared for brisk activity if some circumstance ought to emerge. Your kin will cherish and respect you on the off chance that they know you’re securing them and is consistently mindful for fast issues. It takes extraordinary fortitude and certainty to assume full liability for your people’s wellbeing and prosperity. Being straightforward, having regard, and being defensive are qualities of being a fruitful however cherished pioneer that have applied to individuals from before Machiavelli’s time as far as possible up to introduce day. It’s simple to spot dreaded pioneers, for example, Hitler separated from cherished pioneers like Martin Luther King Jr. Being cherished not dreaded is smarter to be on the off chance that you can't be both on the grounds that the individuals you’re driving really like you for what your identity is and are eager to do what you state, they aren’t frightened into doing it. Martin Luther King Jr. driven his kin with a similar regard they gave him, he was straightforward and valid with his sentiments, and he went well beyond to change the world’s method of how they offered minorities individuals shield them from getting injured and segregated any more. His kin adored and appreciated him for who he truly was, he didn’t shroud anything. Martin Luther King Jr. was a fruitful pioneer since he was cherished and had trustworthiness, regard and defense.

Discussion questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Conversation questions - Coursework Example ather urge bosses to put choice framework preferring ladies in the recruiting procedure as a governmental policy regarding minorities in society so as to support their investment in national structure. This suggests the segregation could be supported as an instrument of smoothening out the business part based on portions and corresponding introduction in the work division (Coral and Practicing Law Institute, et al. 2009). Business separation has frequently been answerable for improved equity in work positions particularly in across Canada where imbalance is exceptionally coordinated. In any case, separation depends on assorted factors or grounds. Certain grounds are inadmissible while others are commonly acknowledged. In the Canadian territory of Alberta, segregation based on sexual direction is denied. Specifically, either gay or lesbians confronting separation based on their sexual direction are disallowed from plan of action by means of well-suited instruments set down in the IRPA empowering them to subject their encounters of segregation other than debilitating them to maintain a legitimate cure (Koral and Practicing Law Institute, et al. 2009). A Canadian manager may legitimize the antagonistic ramifications of the technique utilized in work determination on a few grounds. For example, as per the Alberta Human Rights Act, there are exclusions to segregation. This implies a few grounds of separation are reasonable. In segment 7 of the Act, a business might be defended to segregate if such separation depends on word related necessity. Along these lines, segment 11 legitimizes segregation if such activity is both ‘reasonable and allowable inside the predominant circumstances’ (Koral and Practicing Law Institute, et al. 2009). In such manner, employer’s biased practices show the way that their guidelines don't contradict the law. To suit a person to a state of undue hardship fundamentally involves an arrangement under the Supreme Court of Canada

How Bankruptcy Leads to Bad Credit

How Bankruptcy Leads to Bad Credit How Bankruptcy Leads to Bad Credit How Bankruptcy Leads to Bad CreditFiling for bankruptcy doesn’t always lead to bad credit, but only if your credit is very bad to begin with.There are many, many different ways that you can lower your credit score. You can take out too much debt, especially high-interest credit card debt. You can also pay bills late or not pay them at all. And the more frequently that happens, the worse your score gets.A lot of these behaviors can also lead you to file for bankruptcy. This is a legal process wherein a person (or business) admits that they cant pay all of their debts. The process allows them to settle those debts with their creditors (aka, the parties to whom they owe money), oftentimes for less than what they actually owe.However, filing for bankruptcy isn’t all sunshine and debt-free kitty cats. It can mean losing your house, car, or other valuable property. It can also mean having a portion of your income earmarked for debt repayment.And then there’s what it does to your cred it score…In short, it’s not great.The only way bankruptcy wouldn’t hurt your score is if high debt load and late payments have hurt it badly  already.Think about it like this: If the kinds of financial problems that cause bad credit are a train ride, then bankruptcy is the final stop on the line.How bankruptcy affects your score“Bankruptcy does negatively affect a credit score at first, but less so as time increases from the filing date, says Randall R. Saxton (@SaxtonLaw), founder of Saxton Law, PLLC. “However, for individuals who already have negative items on their credit report, the initial drop is not as much as it would be for someone with excellent credit that files a bankruptcy petition, which could range from 160â€"220 points.”A drop of 160â€"220 points could be enough to take you from a great score to a downright bad one.According to Tracy Becker (@tracybecker), President and CEO of North Shore Advisory, Inc, a leading credit restoration, education and monitori ng company, the fact that bankruptcy could so drastically lower a high score, “is one reason it is so important for an individual to be aware of their credit scores, so they can make an educated decision before moving forward with a bankruptcy.”On the other hand, someone whose score is already quite low would have little to lose, credit-wise from filing for bankruptcy.“Many individuals do not realize that by having many late payments, collections, and defaults, their score may be almost as low as they would be if a bankruptcy occurred, says Becker.“Once they find out their credit is already poor they can move forward with the bankruptcy process with an understanding that their scores will not see a tremendous impact.”When it comes to bankruptcy affecting a person’s score, one overlooked factor is the number of accounts that are included in the filing.According to Saxo, “An individual who has fewer accounts with amounts owed will have less of a drop than someone with ma ny accounts.”The different kinds of bankruptcy Before we moving on, we should talk about the different kinds of bankruptcy.Chapter 7: This is the simplest and least expensive form of bankruptcy, but that simplicity comes with a price. Under Chapter 7, a person can quickly discharge their debts by surrendering their assets: aka, their car, their house, and other valuables. Those assets are then used to compensate creditors.Chapter 13: Under this form of bankruptcy, a person repays all or part of their debts according to a repayment planâ€"a plan that cannot last longer than five years. The bankruptcy court must approve the repayment plan before it begins, and the debtor actually makes their payments directly to the court, who then pays the creditors in return. In order to qualify for Chapter 13, a debtor must meet certain income and debt-load requirements.Chapter 11: This is a form of bankruptcy that’s most commonly used by corporations and businesses. However, it can be used by individuals as well. Chapter 11 involves a restructuring and reorganization of a person’s debt and assets. It is much more complicatedâ€"and thus much more expensiveâ€"than either Chapter 7 or Chapter 13. It can allow for a debtor to repay their creditors over time according to a court-approved repayment plan and can be a good option for someone who does not qualify for Chapter 13.When it comes to your credit score, the main difference between these Chapters 11, 7 and 13 comes down to how long they will affect your score.How long does a bankruptcy hurt your score?“All personal bankruptcy types have a major impact on scores (unless they are already poor). Some bankruptcies remain on credit for seven years while others remain for ten,” says Becker.All the accounts that are included in the bankruptcy are marked as such on a credit report.  They do not disappear once the bankruptcy is finalized and they can remain for seven years. Every year from the date of the original delinquen cy (bankruptcy) scores will improve but not dramatically.“Usually after the first 5â€"6 years from the bankruptcy, credit scores are impacted minimally,” she says.But when it comes to just how long a bankruptcy can affect your credit, the type of bankruptcy filing does make a difference.According to Becker, “Chapters 7 and 11 remain on a person’s credit report for ten years, regardless of whether it was discharged or dismissed.” She also says that Chapter 13 bankruptcies “can remain on file for ten years from the date filed but, if discharged, will remain on file for seven years from the date filed.”“Debts remain active during a Chapter 13 bankruptcy plan, which lasts between three and five years,” says Saxton.“Thus, the removal of discharged debts from the credit report which occurs after seven years can take three to five years longer for a Chapter 13 bankruptcy than a Chapter 7 bankruptcy.”However, while the effect on your score might become minimal, the ban kruptcy filing itself still remains on your credit report.After seven years, items such as debts, judgments, and foreclosures that were discharged by the bankruptcy are removed. However, the record that a bankruptcy was filed remains on the credit report for ten years,” says Saxton.This means that a lender who pulls your credit report during a loan application might still be wary of lending to youâ€"or might insist on raising your interest ratesâ€"even if your credit score has recovered.How can you improve your score post-bankruptcy? “To improve your credit after a bankruptcy a person can apply for specific cards that gear towards those with poor or no credit,” says Becker. “These cards are “secured credit cards”.   Its important to make sure the credit issuer reports the history to the credit bureaus.”“Once they gain approval they need to use the card responsibly. After using the card for a year they can check their scores and see how they have increased. At that po int, they may have access to approvals on better non-secured cards. They can build upon their responsible use of the new credit and time passing.   At the third year seeking out a highly qualified credit expert for advice on credit improvement can also help boost the scores prior to the five or six year wait,” she says.“If consumers file for bankruptcy due to mismanagement of finances they should learn from the mistakes they made that led to the problems and set up a budget/financial plan that will help them to rebuild their financial standing.”Do you have a story about how you recovered from bankruptcy? Wed love to hear about it! Let us know on Twitter at @OppLoans.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsTracy Becker is the President and CEO of North Shore Advisory, Inc., a leading Credit Restoration, Education and Monitoring Company specializing in Business Personal Credit Services. Tracy is a FICO Certified Professional Expert Credit Witness, she has been improving both consumer and business credit as well as educating professionals and individuals for almost thirty years. North Shore Advisory has helped thousands of businesses and individuals to have the most opportunity and savings great credit can offer.Randall R. Saxton (@SaxtonLaw) is the founder of Saxton Law, PLLC, and practices in the areas of bankruptcy, tax, business formation, and estate planning. Randall also serves as the JAG for the Mississippi State Guard, President of the State Guard Association, as a Director of the Madison Chamber of Commerce, and is the author of the fictional thriller, Red Sky Warning. He does volunteer work as a Mediator for the Jackson Municipal Court and as an Emergency Response Team member.

The Basics Supply and Demand

Supply and Demand analysis is relatively straightforward once the terminology is understood. The important terms are as follows: PriceQuantityDemand and Demand CurveQuantity DemandedSupply and Supply CurveQuantity SuppliedEquilibriumSurplusShortage Basic supply and demand analysis is done one of two ways - either graphically or numerically. If done graphically, it is important to set up the graph in the standard form. The Graph Traditionally economists have placed price (P) on the Y-axis and quantity (Q), as in quantity consumed or quantity purchased/sold on the X-axis. An easy way to remember how to label each axis is to remember P then Q, since the price (P) label occurs above and to the left of the quantity (Q) label. Next, there are two curves to understand - the demand curve and the supply curve. The Demand Curve A demand curve is simply a demand function or demand schedule represented graphically. Note that demand is not simply a number - it is a one-to-one relationship between prices and quantities. The following is an example of a demand schedule: Demand Schedule $10 - 200 units$20 - 145 units$30 - 110 units$40 - 100 unitsNote that demand is not simply a number such as 145. The quantity level associated with a particular price (such as 145 units $20) is known as a quantity demanded.A more detailed description of the demand curve can be found at: The Economics of Demand. The Supply Curve Supply curves, supply functions, and supply schedules are not conceptually different than their demand counterparts. Once again, supply is never represented as a number. When considering the problem from the point of view of the seller the quantity level associated with a particular price is known as quantity supplied. A more detailed description of the supply curve can be found at: The Economics of Supply. Equilibrium Equilibrium occurs when at a specific price P, quantity demanded quantity supplied. In other words, if there is some price where the amount buyers wish to buy is the same as the amount sellers wish to sell, then equilibrium occurs. Consider the following demand and supply schedules: Demand Schedule $10 - 200 units$20 - 145 units$30 - 110 units$40 - 100 units Supply Schedule $10 - 100 units$20 - 145 units$30 - 180 units$40 - 200 unitsAt a price of $20, consumers wish to purchase 145 units and sellers which to provide 145 units. Thus quantity supplied quantity demanded and we have an equilibrium of ($20, 145 units) Surplus A surplus, from the supply and demand perspective, is a situation where, at the current price, quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded. Consider the demand and supply schedules above. At a price of $30, quantity supplied is 180 units and quantity demanded is 110 units, leading to a surplus of 70 units (180-11070). Our market, then, is out of equilibrium. The current price is unsustainable and must be lowered in order for the market to reach equilibrium. Shortage A shortage is simply the flip-side of a surplus. It is a situation where, at the current price, quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied. At a price of $10, quantity supplied is 100 units and quantity demanded is 200 units, leading to a shortage of 100 units (200-100100). Our market, then, is out of equilibrium. The current price is unsustainable and must be raised in order for the market to reach equilibrium.Now you know the basics of supply and demand. Have additional questions? I can be reached via the feedback form.

Traditional Diet Vs. The New Diet And Nutrition Program

Traditional Diet Vs The New Diet and Nutrition Program By Kat Eden | Submitted On June 20, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Kat Eden I just got off a meeting with a potential client. She was searching for a fitness expert to help her shed couple of pounds for a coming event - her brother s wedding. She ll be one of the bridesmaids and she basically want to look incredible on that day. Nowadays, I don t accept new clients but something about this girl interested me. She is living healthy: for example she exercises everyday, both weights and cardio. She is eating healthy, mostly fruits and veggies, along with a carefully low intake of body fat. She s basically textbook perfect but still she hasn t achieved the body she is aiming for. I couldn t bring myself to simply refer her to a different fitness expert, or send her on her way. I needed to ask - What if everything you understand about diet is wrong? What do you mean? she replied. To cut the long story short, I found myself talking for an hour. In the following paragraphs, I will share with all of you what I told her about diet and nutrition. When it comes to diet and what s best for you,Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Paleo Diet: The Caveman Diet1490 Words   |  6 Pagesnumerous exercise programs to help you lose weight fast or build lean muscle. Then we’ve got every diet under the sun, the no carb diet, high protein diet and all juice diets. Through research we can find and utilize programs and healthy habits that we can practice for a long healthful lifetime. 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Delivering five hours Free Essays

Utilizing the variety of office equipment as a means of facilitating the organization of the department. Participating in workshops to improve my ability to maintain the highest level of professionalism within the organization. Delivering five hours of instruction and spending three additional hours on performing research and implementing preparation methods to help officials gain a better understanding of the language. We will write a custom essay sample on Delivering five hours or any similar topic only for you Order Now New Neighbors Education Center Alexandria, VA From: Oct. 2007 – Mar. 2008 Position: Executive Assistant Maintained files, updated company’s website and database, and proofread correspondence; created electronic file system with a simplified interface and ease of access; assisted the Director and members of Board in the performance of daily tasks. Managed the major donors’ mailing list, the drafting and issuing of thank you letters and the conduction of research for program development. Supervised office assistants, including those working to perform the duties of mailing, database entry, payroll, supply orders, budgeting and other financial tasks U. S. Department of State National Foreign Affairs Training Center Arlington, VA From: Jan 2006 – Sept 2007 Position: Culture Instructor and Curriculum Developer Trained U. S. Foreign Service embassy personnel in the areas of language and culture; personnel included ambassadors and other United States officials assigned to Albania, Macedonia, and Kosovo. Developed strategic methods for teaching language and culture for augmentation of the existing curriculum Berlitz Language Services Vienna, VA From: Jan 2003 – Dec 2005 Position: Administrative Assistant/Sales Agent Represented Berlitz Language Services as a salesperson at organized conferences, meetings with clients for the purpose of developing marketing and short-term and/or long-term language program promotional deals; managed a front office and administered secretarial support to the Director and sales staff Paul’s Wholesale Co. Washington DC From: Jan 2001 – Dec 2002 Position: Administrative Assistant Managed the processing, filing, shipping and follow-up procedures connected with customers’ orders, maintaining an effective administrative system. International Rescue Committee (IRC) Shkoder, Albania From: Sept 1999 – Nov 2000 Position: Office Manager Monitored IRC projects of rehabilitated refugee impacted sites and services, ensuring their availability and readiness to handle the many Kosovo refugees. Facilitated and mediated numerous meetings and workshops with the Mayor’s office, community leaders, NGOs and other entities involved in political, social or humanitarian projects. Worked closely with refugee organizations to obtain a list of hosts from contacts in foreign NGOs in Albania, allowing for the timely completion of the $500 thousand rehabilitation project. Managed the daily office tasks; monitored and coordinated project procurement and logistics; coordinated and conducted interviewing and hiring of personnel. ECOM / MALTESER Shkoder, Albania From: Nov 1998 – Aug 1999 Position: Administrative Assistant Assisted and supported Kosovo refugees in Albania, resulting in a smooth transition of the refugees to their own country; administered the logistics and distribution of medication and other matter to minister to the needs of the refugees. Provided interpretive services and assisted in refugee cases that needed immediate attention. Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) May 1998 – Nov 1998 Tirana, Albania Assistant to the Director, Secretary, and Logistician Managed a busy office schedule, which extended to the coordination of travel logistics; conducted trainings in particular fields of expertise; formulated data collection instruments, such as surveys and questionnaires, to facilitate research into many aspects of the political situation of the region Aided the efforts of a team dedicated to reviewing laws and advising local Albanian government entities concerning humanitarian activities; provided support and research information for weekly security briefings on the latest developments in the country and the neighboring ones. REFERENCES: Supervisors may be contacted and other professional references are available upon request KSA’S: PROGRAM ANALYST/PROGRAM SPECIALIST/CONTRACT SPECIALIST Knowledge My graduate level training in Government, Law and Public Policy has given me a vast array of theoretical knowledge concerning the legal and functional aspects of the government and its policies. My knowledge and experience has also extended to the area of performing legal research in foreign countries and the administration of duties related to the management of refugees. Having had several years of experience as an assistant to the director and other executives, I have garnered comprehensive knowledge of the areas of business administration concerned with budgeting and logistics. I have also been exposed to the formulation of research instruments such as questionnaires and surveys that have aided in the collection of citizen data. I am also thoroughly familiar with Albanian language and culture, having served for more than two years within three humanitarian organizations in Albania. I understand the methods connected with training high officials in the use of language and the understanding of culture within foreign countries. I also have knowledge of the procedures and practices connected with operation within Federal Offices of the United States Government. This includes an understanding of the emergency management procedures necessary in times of disaster or distress. Finally, I have technical knowledge of several computer applications used for word processing, graphic manipulation, data entry, and data mining. Skills My administrative skills have been demonstrated by the many administrative positions I have held. They have been utilized during the period I spent in Albania, when I was in charge of performing essential office duties, as well as procurement and other logistic procedures. I am also highly skilled in the use of both English and Albanian. In Shkoder, Albania, I demonstrated the skill of monitoring IRC projects, which were instituted for the proper handling of the onslaught of Kosovo refugees. I am also skilled in mediation with government and other official organizations within foreign countries, as I was in charge of facilitating a number of meetings among the Mayor’s office, NGO’s and leaders within the community. I have also acted as an interpreter between Kosovo refugees and Albanian/American personnel, and I have been exposed to the performance and translation of legal research in the Albanian environment. Furthermore, I have worked within the U. S. Department of State National Foreign Affairs Training Center, gaining hands-on experience teaching the language and culture of Albania to the American personnel. I have also had experience and the chance to portray skill in conducting administrative business in the private sector. Abilities As a person who has been exposed to business administration and communication at the diplomatic level, I have the ability to communicate well with government officials and other members of staff within any organization. I am able to perform duties related to human resource management and development, as I have trained high level officials in the proper performance of their duties in the Albanian environment. I work very well under pressure, as has been exemplified by my performance to a high level of effectiveness in the political climate of Eastern Europe. I am also well able to perform the administrative functions related to program analysis, as I am adept in the handling of file maintenance (including electronic files), website/database updating, payroll, and mailings. I am also able to draft correspondence, manage budgets and perform the duties related to procurement and supply/inventory management. How to cite Delivering five hours, Papers

Interpreting Accounting Information for Decision Making System

Question: Discuss about the Interpreting Accounting Information for Decision Making System. Answer: Introduction: In the month of December 2016, all the financial transactions of the company have been recorded. Evaluation of the profitability achieved by the company is the objective of preparing the report. The company have been involved in selling three products and the profits is analyzed for all the types of products. The objective of the report is to provide an appropriate recommendation to the management of the company by analyzing the profits generated from different products (Demski, 2013). Analyzing the financials of the company is the main aim and the analysis is done using the statement of profit and loss. Various types of the financial transactions associated with the business is also analyzed. Report also analyses the financials of the company using ratio calculation and this comprise of the liquidity ratio and profitability ratio (Reimers, 2014). Evaluating Splash performance for December 2016: It is clearly depicted from the report presented that the management of the company has disclosed the financial performance of the company concerning the previous year. Three aspect have been chosen in order to gain the increased understanding of the research. These three aspect comprise of train, race and many more. According to the demand of market, all the three aspects have ample returns and distinct selling quantities (Collier, 2015). It is shown in the table below: Profit and loss statement summarizes all the types of expenses, revenues and cost incurred during the particular financial year. It is known by different names and most of the losses incurred and gains received by the organization are included in the profit and loss statement (Demyanenko Rozhelyuk, 2016). Return on equity and net profit margin are some of the ratios demonstrated under the profitability ratio. ROE= (1193.30/61193.30)= 1.95% Balance sheet what does it do and what is your analysis? Provide ratios. Balance sheet is the financial statement of the company, which summarizes the liabilities, asset and the shareholders equity at the particular point of time (Romney et al., 2013). It gives an idea to the investors about the amount invested by the company and the amount, which the company owes to others. Liquidity ratio is the main ratio taken into consideration. Current ratio is obtained by dividing current assets by current liabilities. CA= 4116+ 3672+4664+102152.44= 114604.44 CL= 400+ 34210= 34610 Whereas CA stands for Current assets and CL stands for current liabilities CR = 114604.44/ 34610 = 3.311 Whereas CR stands for Current Ratio The accounts transaction is terms of the application of the various types of the balances concerning accounts. They are directly related to the balances such as the total equity maintained, net profits and revenues earned by company. The application of the account of balances such as maintenance of such balance at banks and inventories (Quan et al., 2013). Concerning the liabilities, there are different types or say category of liabilities, which the company owes. There are association of various types of accounts, which is viewed to have the account payable. It include the account such as the account payable. There are different types of the accounts such as account that are payable to the accounts, which is used to view the accounts receivable. The amount of the accounts payable comes to 14663. The total valuation of the inventory comes to 3672. For race it stands at 4664 and for the train, the value stands at 4116. Recommendations It is observed that the net profit margin has declined and three types of gross rates were discovered. The recommendation offered by the analyst is about boosting the company efficiency by considering the below listed factors. It has been observed by train that the gross margin of the company in the previous year stands at 19.32%. In this regard, it is required on part of managers to prepare the strategy, which contributes in decreasing the cost of sales. This will help in dealing with the offerings of the gross profit of the company. Under the race product range, it was observed that the sales percentage of the company has increased. Therefore, under this product, the company needs to be efficient in manufacturing this product. It should avoid investing in two or more product range. Cost of sales and the production cost are included in the direct expenses. The cost of sales needs to be decreased over the financial year so that the company can experience increased profit margin rate. In the recent ear, the company has been experiencing liquidity position that is highly efficient. On this part, it is recommended to reduce the collection period of the debtors as it would help in lowering the bad debts and help in generating the increased amount of profit in short time span. Enhancing the sales would help in maintaining the constant development by increasing the efficiency. It is recommended to the operation managers to imbibe the process of production with highly efficient techniques. This will help the company in increasing the quantity of the goods sold. Additional reports suggested: Certain reports are to be prepared by the company as a part of advice. Statement of cash flow- it will be easy on the part of company to analyze the flow of cash into or out of the business by preparing the cash flow. Decisions should also be taken for the management of the future cash flow. Report on Gross margin based on product- the preparation of the gross margin report would indicate the gross margin of the entire product. It will help the company to segregate the products that are profitable to the company. Income statement that are changeable- the presentation of the report of the income statement will help in facilitating the company in realizing increasing or decreasing sales impact and the variability in the margin on the basis of net profit. Profitability based on segment- It is observed that the operations of the business of the company is segregated into three segments. The segment should be prepared because of the profitability report. This will help the business in realizing the business units, which are profitable. Conclusion: From the above analysis, it is concluded that compared to the selected two offering, the sales of train is at the highest level. The gross profit of the company is lower and for the offerings of the company, the cost of sales is at the top position. On the other hand, the competition of sales in the race product range as compared to other product has performed efficiently in sales. This is reason that the train has less cost of sales with higher gross profit margin. The sales amount of the race is lowered and the decreased cost of sales stands at $ 476. The fallen amount of sales has been attributable to the increased gross profit. The increased value of the gross profit stands at 73.84%. It is observed that the company would be able to attain huge amount of gross profit margin if there is decline in the amount of sales rather than the reduced cost of sales. Train has the highest variation in the sales and the sales cost as compared to the rate of return in the form of gross profit. Attainment of 73.84% gross profit has also reduced the difference for Race. Reference: Collier, P. M. (2015).Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons. Demski, J. (2013).Managerial uses of accounting information. Springer Science Business Media. Demyanenko, M., Rozhelyuk, V. (2016). System Approach to Formation of Accounting Information for Management.Accounting and Finance, (2), 8-15. Quan, Q., Li, Y., Wang, L. (2013). Research of Accounting Information System Under E-Commerce. InProceedings of the International Conference on Information Engineering and Applications (IEA) 2012(pp. 679-686). Springer London. Reimers, J. L. (2014).Financial Accounting: Business Process Approach. Pearson Higher Ed. Romney, M. B., Steinbart, P. J., Mula, J. M., McNamara, R., Tonkin, T. (2013).Accounting Information Systems [1st Australasian edition]. Pearson Australia. Shoaei, S., Rahimi, R. (2014). Accounting Information System Cycles, Management Accounting Basis.Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management,4(8), 381. Zare, I., Nekounam, J., Pirzad, A., Sedaghatjoo, F., Mosavimoyahar, S. (2013). Role of accounting information systems on relevance of accounting information.Life Science Journal,10(3s).

Drug Testing Welfare Recipients Panel Speech Essay Example

Drug Testing Welfare Recipients Panel Speech Essay When you bring up the subject of drug testing recipients on welfare there are a variety of stands and opinions that people have on this matter. People who are providing their opinions come from many different cultures and important positions that may affect how they feel about this subject. My objective is to explore these different stands to give everybody a better understanding of where our peers may be coming from. The idea is not for me to take a stand but represent each stand there is in a neutral form. Should recipients of welfare be drug tested? Is it constitutional or unconstitutional? Lawrence Mead, Professor of Politics and Public Policy at New York University says yes, but the drug testing should only be required of recipients with a history of substance abuse. This is a viewpoint of somebody that agrees generally with both sides of the issue. We can also look at the viewpoint of a person who entirely agrees with welfare recipients being drug tested such as Ohio State senator Tim Schaffer who was quoted saying in the Toledo Blade newspaper that â€Å"the drug epidemic is tearing families apart and if taxpayer dollars are fueling it then we’ve got to bring it to a stop. But someone with an opposing view might say that we can’t assume that welfare recipients are using drugs at a higher rate than the general population because if the focus were really about addressing substance abuse it would be more realistic to go about it with a more treatment and screening approach. We can also look at some of the views of people who are entirely opposed to the i dea of drug testing welfare recipients. We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Testing Welfare Recipients Panel Speech specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Testing Welfare Recipients Panel Speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Testing Welfare Recipients Panel Speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In 1999 Michigan ran a pilot program to drug test welfare recipients and was sued by the American Civil Liberties Union claiming that constitutional rights were violated because testing was done without â€Å"individualized suspicion. † Many other state such as Florida, Virginia, Ohio have all attempted to pass these bills but to no avail because already two months into this state legislative session and not a single bill has been passed. Many states according to the American Civil Liberties Union feel that this approach is far too expensive and not saving enough money in the end for the bill too be passed. The overall opposing view is that drug testing welfare recipients targets them and invades their privacy without any proof that this action is necessary. As of today March 13th, 2013 according to the Seattle Post Intelligencer, Michigan lawmakers are still considering passing this bill. References: Giammarise, K. (2012, December 16) Drug tests for welfare recipients weighed. The Toledo Blade. Retrieved from http://www. toledoblade. com/State/2012/12/16/Drug-tests-for-welfare-recipients-weighed-Multicounty-effort-proposed-for-Ohio. html Bloom, R. (2012, March 12) Drug-testing welfare recipients: a trend with no traction. American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved from http://www. aclu. org/blog/criminal-law-reform-racial-justice/drug-testing-welfare-recipients-trend-no-traction The Debate Club. (2013) Should welfare recipients be tested for drugs? U. S. News. Retrieved from http://www. usnews. com/debate-club/should-welfare-recipients-be-tested-for-drugs The Seattle Post Intelligencer. (2013, March 13) Bill requires drug tests for welfare recipients. The Seattle Post Intelligencer. Retrieved from http://www. seattlepi. com/news/article/Bill-requires-drug-tests-for-welfare-recipients-4350335. php

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Essays

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Essays Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Paper Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Paper Enterprise architecture is important because organizations need to adapt increasingly fast to increased competition, changing customer requirements, and business goals. Since MEG international was showing signs of reduction in sales and threatening market position by foreign competition were perfect examples that MEG was not adapting to reapply canalling environments I Nils need Tort Patton NAS Incidence over ten entire business processes; change in one business process may influence other business process. To keep enterprise architecture coherent, change should be managed accordingly in all architectures, and the relations between different architecture just be clear so it is vital for MEG to implement enterprise architecture as a strategy to be able to gain competitive advantage. Main difficulty in adopting enterprise architecture as strategy is to match business architectural alignment and IT alignment because of the differences in architectural modeling methods. Business analysts build complex business process models; similarly IT architects can design complex applications. These two groups of people may be best at what they do but they lack common language to understand each others design. Mona Lisa although being Information Systems consultant didnt have he leadership capacity or vision on how she is going to approach the issue of aligning these two processes, or what framework to use for the enterprise architecture and what IT strategy to choose to move forward towards the change process. Some of the well known examples of enterprise architecture frameworks that can help to build the strategies around enterprise architecture in MEG are: Coachmans framework for enterprise architecture (Coachman, 1987) (Figure 1): This framework is a logical structure for classifying the different perspectives involved in enterprise architecture in a two dimensional matrix that are significant to TTS stakeholders. The matrix consists of levels or player perspective (scope or planner, business model or business owner, system model or designer, technology or builder, detailed representations or subcontractor and Functioning Enterprise) and six columns or aspects (data, function, network, people, time, motivation). From the Business owner perspective data represents information about customers, products, suppliers and relationships between these entities (Session, 2007). On the other hand data from the perspective of technical person implementing the database is rows and columns in tables which are linked together by Joins (Session, 007). If we move left to right on the grid we see different system descriptions from one player view whereas if we move from top to bottom it changes the different player perspective of viewing the system descriptions. Both perspectives are therefore critical for understanding the systems architecture that Coachman tries to address in his architecture. There are some criticisms about this framework that it itself doesnt define the methodology of the framework and is a complex process and can be applicable for large organizations only. This framework mainly acts as a template where goals, ales, processes, materials, roles, locations and events that organizations require must be filled in. Session (2007) argues that the Coachman Framework is actually taxonomy for organizing architectural artifacts (I. E. Design documents, specifications, models) Tanat takes Into account Don won ten retract targets (e. G. Dustless owner, builder) and what particular issue (e. G. , data, functionality) is being addressed. The Open Group Architecture Framework (known as TOGA) (Figure 2): This framework mainly has four components such as: business architecture, application architecture, data architecture and technical architecture. Business architecture explains how business processes are aligned to meet the organizational goals. Application architecture describes how the applications are designed and explains the relationship between industry wide applications. Similarly Data architecture explains how the enterprise data are stored and accessed and finally technical architecture is responsible for explaining the interactions between software and hardware infrastructure. It mainly relies on already existing, proven technologies and products and tries to give a well-tested overall starting model which can be further extended. Although TOGA describes itself as framework, Session (2007) categorized TOGA as architectural process rather than an architectural framework. Session (2007) further extends Coachman explains how to categories the artifacts and TOGA gives the process to create them. So for an organization like MEG international Togas Architecture Development Method (ADAM) (Figure 3) provides a strategic process for moving from generic to specific enterprise architecture. Therefore taxonomy like Coachman and an architectural process like TOGA seem very much appropriate for MEG to adapt Enterprise Architecture as strategy. . 2 Re-engineering Re-engineering could also be interpreted as reverse engineering or radical redesign of a business process which disregards all the traditions and assumptions of the past business processes or procedures and develops new one aiming to leap forward in performance and this seems essential for MEG International. Reengineering process involves in identifying the characteristics of an already engineered product or services and the processes involved in developing those, then redesigning all the processes from the scratch to improve current productivity or customer satisfaction. Hammer Champs (1993) describe business re-engineering as the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of an entire business system to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance. Reengineering is most often called business process reengineering which is aimed to accomplish tremendous changes within an organization and underpins all the possible outcomes to maintain a true competitive advantage among the competitors. Reengineering focuses on identifying and abandoning outdated rules and assumptions and creating new rules, work methods and workflow to achieve organizational goals aiming to increase productivity, product quality and customer satisfaction drastically. Harshly company need to lamben tly ten problems Ana want can De ten solutions to TAX them. If that cannot be fixed by some other means or change process then a basic re engineering model must be developed, then companys core processes should be redesigned and final stage is to adopt the new design. Re-engineering is not a simple task to accomplish, it requires fundamental rethink and radical redesign of business processes. For effectiveness it requires structured and analytic approach to generate aromatic improvements in cost reduction, quality improvements, customer satisfaction, speed etc. Pick] Reengineering (Hammers Champs, 2003, p. 2) Companies that are in deep competitive differences with their competitors, companies who have managers who can see problems arising like MEG and start on re-engineer the business before all their competitive advantage are wiped off. Hammer and Champs (1993)gs rhetorical question of reengineering is that If I were re-creating this company today, given what I know and the current level of technology, what would it look liker. Focus on fundamentals, radical redesign element, the potential for dramatic results and business process orientation must be addressed while answering the question. Fundamentals like what the organization does, why it is done that way, what are the tactical aspects, should be addressed while designing re-engineered process what should be. Superficial changes and quantum leap in performance is the must while re-engineering not only marginal enhancements and improvements. These changes should address current business process, plus implement improved and simplified processes that improve value to he customer. . Critical risks to re-engineer organization and successful change implementation Re-engineering the organization processes or business process reengineering (BPR) can produce drastic change and improvement in the organizational processes if implemented successfully. However if it is not implemented correctly it will not work as advertised and fail to meet the high expectations. Re cent surveys show that about 70% BPR fail and some organizations that have put massive effort in BPR are only able to gain marginal benefits (Davenport, 1993). These figures indicate that re- engineering has high risk but also organizations are ready to take the risk because the output when executed efficiently can be astounding. Some of the risk that could derail BPR process can be no support from senior managers, focusing on automating current processes before reengineering process is identified, making technology alone dependent on change process and not identifying the limitation of the current Information technology infrastructure. Other directly impacting difficulties that BPR can face involves employee resistance to change, not addressing employee concerns, Alsatian AT strategy goals, lack AT learning overslept Ana commitment. Including all these risks main critical factor is that organization must be truly committed to change in the re-engineering process with full support of senior level management. At Meg international even though Latino thought that everyone would be excited by the prospects of organizational change, only few expressed any enthusiasm for understanding general management. Most of the divisional heads were not clear on what re-engineering process is and were misinterpreting the concept in their own words which created an anxiety among most of the employees which resulted in loss of number of good technical staff. These were clear signs that most of the divisional heads were not ready to help in the re-engineering process that was very bad sign for Mona Lisa to start with. Since the BPR is a high risk process and involves high level of tasks to achieve, it can never be one man Job; it stresses the use of team throughout the process. Lisa however didnt show any initiative in having a team; as a result her rigorous efforts were wasted and ultimately lead to her resignation. If I was in her position then my first priority of this project loud be to create team of experts from different parts of organization to understand the business processes and technical infrastructure, and hire few members in the team from outside who have better understanding of re-engineering process who will be responsible for explaining the management team what re-engineering actually is and what we are planning to achieve. It is unlikely that an organization can ignore the existing infrastructure and implement a process from scratch. It is more realistic to acknowledge the resources available and any real constraints and develop fundamental understanding of their implications on the process redesign (Davenport, 1993). After the process is redesigned, available Information Technology should be used to facilitate the implementation of new process that rules out the possibility of technology to be the limited factor. While process re-engineering is not a technology endeavourer, IT is recognized as having a critical role to play in re- engineering efforts, primarily as an enabler of new operational and management processes (Davenport and Short 1990; Hammer and Champs 1993; Davenport 1993). However, IT in itself cannot be held responsible for the ultimate success or allure of the business strategy. When skillfully applied, IT can provide support for the intermediate processes that taken together comprise the execution of an organizations strategy. Since organizations culture is an important aspect and cannot be ignored in the change process, the framework that I will be using during re-engineering process is Muckinesss seven S diagram (Figure 4) because it encapsulates the key components of an organization and has Shared Values (or Culture) at its centre. 2. 1 Systems:- These are the processes, methods, procedures, rules, techniques, technology, manuals, etc. Hat ensures that work is undertaken efficiently and accurately. These are the essential part of an organization to guide the management and staff. Therefore key to BPR process is to understand current systems and redesign them, often as Davenport (1993) highlights, new processes are enabled by new technology wanly ultimately engages employees to learn new techniques. 2. 2 Structures:- After the key processes are redefined, the next step would be to restructure the organization to match along these processes. The new form of organizational structure that aims to break the traditional types of structure, particularly eructation and divisional structures is required. Hammer Champs (2003) recommend a move to much flatter structures organized around the processes, whereas Davenport (1993) recommends a multidimensional matrix structure, with process responsibility as a key dimension (p 160). To achieve this, Johansson et al (1993) states: the new organization must accommodate a balance between functional expertise and process involvement and goes on to say it is essential to remove functional barriers (IPPP). 2. Staff:- As per Henley (1991) Staff is the quality and quantity of people employed and anger has the role of motivation, reward systems, the structure of Jobs and team work (pap). Davenport (1993) expresses gain-sharing (Pl 10), lateral promotion, upgrade from role title to process title (Pl 1 1), and interesting and challenging through work role rotation, he believes encourages employees to redesign the processes to eliminate their own Job. In contrast to Davenports expression BPR to some extent will be involved in down-sizing and right-siz ing the workforce. 2. Skills:- Henley (1991) defines skills as The competences the organization needs in its people in order to perform difficult tasks to a high standard (pap). The BPR redefines the roles that should enhance and provide space for skills development where Hammer Champs (1993) add New World of Work where Jobs change from simple tasks to multi-dimensional work. This means Job preparation changes from training to education, from rule following to exercising Judgment and managers change from supervisors to coaches and executives change from scorekeepers to leaders(p 169). . 5 Strategy:- The main task in BPR is to discover the organizations strategy and of what rives competitive advantage in a particular industry; the industrys value chain and the basis for competition, and how a particular company seeks to gain competitive edge Monsoon et al 1993, pap). BPR decisions and strategic decisions involving new processes new structure and new staff mindset is extremely diffic ult to achieve but managers should be trained to articulate their Process vision driven by Business Strategy Davenport (1993, Pl 27). By style Henley (1991) means the philosophy, values and shared beliefs adopted by managers in their use of power (pap). BPR should be able to change the way hinge are done in the organization and behavioral changes. Process innovation involves massive change, not only in process flows and the culture surrounding them, but also in organizational power and controls (Davenport, 1993, Pl 3). 2. 7 Shared Values:- Andrews Stick (1994) state that in successful reengineering business operations, individual belief systems become aligned with the stated beliefs of the organization (Pl 15). Reengineering will definitely have a big impact on the cultural aspect of an organization under new processes, structure, staff role, management tragedy and style but re-engineering demands that employees deeply believe they work for their customers, not for their bosses(Hammer Champs, 1993, pap). BPR should establish new process teams linked by common values where employees must believe in self empowerment, self management and rewards based on skills must be used. Following this structure would provide me path to develop perfect strategy that would enable me to lead my team to successful re-engineering process at MEG international that would significantly improve the performance of the business processes. 3. Justification for Change in an Organization Change is inevitable in an organization, the organizations unable to keep up with the change; cannot match up with the fast changing market and their survival will be in question. There are many things, events, or situations that occur in an organization or its external environment that affect the way a business operates, either that can be positive or negative. To cope with these occurrences, situations or events; every organization has to fundamentally alter the way they do business. Thus we can say the statement Change is an ever-present feature of organizational life, both at an operational and strategic level. Therefore, there should be no doubt regarding the importance to any organization of its ability to identify where it needs to be in the future, and how to manage the changes required getting there. Consequently, organizational change cannot be separated from organizational strategy, or vice versa is very true. There are mainly four reasons that organizations need to changes that can be market changes, increased competition, external forces, and internal forces. 3. 1 Market changes The international demand for quality products, low prices, better service and increased level of client satisfaction are the key for the organizations change the way they do business in current global economy. To match these ever changing needs companies are Trace to Tort collaborative arrangements, cooperative ventures Ana even alliances. Social and political pressures have always been there for the organizations. Employee values, needs, priorities and their motivations are always influenced by the political and social events. To match up with their needs its essential for managers to adjust their management styles and arrange comfortable environment for employees. . 2 Increased competition In past where there were technology was not advance enough and there was less global competition with slower moving business environment where change occurred incrementally and infrequently. But now challenges organizations face is different, globalization has created both opportunities and challenges forcing firms to make drastic changes not only to compete but to survive in the market. Globalization is basically driven by technological advances, international economic integration and domestic market maturation (cotter 1996). Even companies operating in small entries can feel the impact of global competition. 3. 3 External forces External driving forces are those kinds of situations or events that occur outside of the company and they are beyond the control of an organization. External forces can be expressed under these sub-classifications: Demographic Characteristics: The change in population and their density come under this classification that can trigger organizational changes. This mainly includes changes in age, gender, race, and increase in diversity. Technological developments: In current business environment technology plays vital role in any organization. The Internet has revolutionized the way in which information is exchanged, communication facilitated and commerce conducted. Technology is rapidly changing and effective management demands more knowledge in these areas in order for companies to manage their resources and develop, maintain or keep their competitive edge. It is essential for organizations to adapt technology to improve productivity and market competitiveness. Since technology is fastest changing entity, any business missing to follow the technological changes might loose their competitiveness or wiped off completely from the market. . 4 Internal Forces Internal driving forces are those kinds of situations or events that occur inside the company and they controlled if there is proper initiative taken. Internal forces can be expressed near tense sun Human resource factors: -classification: People change more frequently and they bring in their changed perceptions in the organizations. Their perceptions about the work and work environment, their expectations from their managers and colleagues, flexibility and balance between work and their life etc could act as important factor for organizational change. To increase employee motivation, and improve their commitment and dedication towards work, their stresses, sources of conflict, work overload, and ambiguity need to be identified and eliminated. Managerial behavior/decisions: Excessive interpersonal conflict is often a clear sign that change is needed. Due to the important role of the manager in introducing and managing change in the organization, skills training and capacity building programmer for both manager and employee might be necessary. It is suggested that a better strategic approach to change is where organizations and heir people continually monitor, sense and respond to external and internal environment in small steps as an ongoing process (Burners, 2004). Early model of change was developed by Lenin (cited in Burners 2004, p. 985) consisting of three- stage process. First stage is unfreezing which is mainly aimed at overcoming or dismantling the existing mind set that are resisting change. Secondly the change implementation which can be of lot of confusions where old ways are challenged and new ideas have not been fully stable. Final stage he called is refreezing stabilizing hang within organizational culture, norms, policies and practices in order to ensure the new behavior is sustained in individuals.

Thought Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thought Paper - Essay Example â€Å"The general terms "high context" and "low context" (popularized by Edward Hall) are used to describe broad-brush cultural differences between societies† (Beer). These are the things that we discuss in the next section. High context societies or groups are observed to have close connections over a long period of time. In this context, we see that â€Å"many aspects of cultural behavior are not made explicit because most members know what to do and what to think from years of interaction with each other† thus a family is a fit example for this (Beer). On the other hand, â€Å"low context refers to societies where people tend to have many connections but of shorter duration or for some specific reason. In these societies, cultural behavior and beliefs may need to be spelled out explicitly so that those coming into the cultural environment know how to behave† (Beer). Conflict resolution will differ according to the level of context the group has. Conflict in a low context group might might resort to adherence to certain rules in resolving conflict. This means a strict or rigid written rule. On the other hand, conflict in a high context group such as the family, can be resolved with under standing and patience. This does not necessitate an arbiter or a written code but patient and compassionate understanding of others’ faults. The key concepts, such as honor, shame and saving face will also differ across cultures. Honor can be of varying level according to culture. For some like the Japanese, authorities are regarding with highest honor so that submission easily follows from the subordinates. More liberal countries such as America or even the Third World country such as the Philippines encourage citizen’s freedom thus authorities are ostracized such as done during mass rally and political revolution. Resolving with authorities in a culture such as Japan would necessitate paying much honor to the authorities. On the other hand, â€Å"shame is a common form of

Health Economics 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Health Economics 2 - Essay Example Both of these systems address problems being faced in health care financing. With limited financial resources, the rationalization process which is seen in the casemix and the P4P system largely supports quality health services for as many people and patients as possible. P4P system – The Government of Hong Kong (2008) defines it as a system is an internal resource allocation system for hospital funding. They also discuss that it is about strategic purchasing services most needed by the community (Government of Hong Kong, 2008). Casemix system – Based on the Government of Hong Kong (2008), this system is an activity-based funding system where the provider is paid for each case which is treated, and adjustments are made based on the complexity of the case using pre-set classifications. Diagnosis-related groups – Diagnosis-related groups or DRGs are â€Å"based on the principle that diagnosis and other patient characteristics can be categorized in terms of the total quantity of resources used in treating patients† (Government of Hong Kong, 2008, p. 4) Health care systems for countries differ greatly from each other. The differences often depend on the system of government and social services existing in each country. Some countries are based on a socialist system where the health care system is dependent on the government’s support. In other countries, the citizens themselves have to cover for their health care with hardly any assistance from the government at all. Nevertheless, the point is proven that health care systems are different based on each country’s health applications. This paper shall compare the hospital funding system in Hong Kong known as the P4P system with the casemix funding systems in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia. It shall draw specific examples within the chosen health care system in order to

Determinants That Cause The Demand Curve To Shift Economics Essay

Determinants That Cause The Demand Curve To Shift Economics Essay Demand means that the willingness of a buyers to buy a goods and able to buy a goods at a different price levels. The law states that the demand curve is a downward sloping graph which shows that there is a negative relationship between the price of a product and the quantity of a product. When a price of a product rises, the quantity demanded will decrease. On the other hand, when the price of a product falls, the quantity demanded will increase. Demand is a shift either rightward or leftward in the demand curve. Demand curve will shift leftward if the consumers decide to buy less, and the demand curve will shift rightward if the consumers decide to buy more. Decrease in demand will cause the demand curve to shift leftward. There are many determinants that cause the demand curve to shift. Price of coke $ Figure 5.1 D0 D1 Quantity of coke One of the determinants that cause the demand curve to shift is expectation. For example, if the price of a coke expected will fall next month, the quantity demand will also decrease. So, this is as shown in figure 5.1. As the demand decrease, the demand curve will definitely shift leftward from D0 to D1.Besides, the price of substitutes and complements good will cause the demand curve to shift. Complementary goods are good that are used together. For example, petrol and car. If the price of petrol rise, this will cause the quantity demand for car decrease. Substitute good are good that can be replaced with another good. For example, butter and margarine. If the price of butter fall, the quantity of margarine will definitely shift leftward. Besides, the taste and income will also cause the demand curve to shift. Quantity demand is a movement upward or downward in the demand curve. The only factor that will cause the movement is the price of the goods itself. For example, the price of an apples decrease from $2.50 to $1.90. This will cause the demand curve to move downward (from point A to B). Besides, the quantity demand definitely will increase from 4 to 7 as it applied the law of demand. As the price of an apple decrease, the quantity demanded will increase. This is shown in Figure 5.2. Price of an apple $ 2.50 A 1.90 B Figure 5.2 0 Quantity for apples 4 7 Part B Income elasticity of demand means that the percentage change in quantity demanded dividing the percentage change in households income. There are 3 types of degrees of income elasticity of demand (YED). If the income elasticity of demand is greater than 0, then this elasticity is a positive YED. But this positive YED is categorized into two types. First, if the quantity demanded of a good rise a smaller amount of percentage compare to the income of the households, this is known as a normal good. A normal good normally does not responsive to the changes in the quantity demanded of the good. This is also known as income elastic since (0

Paul Ehrlich’s Time Bomb Book Review

– In the book â€Å"The Population Bomb† (Literary Digest written in1932) by Paul Ehrlich written in 1968 he states that he prefers the environment over man-kind, to make a balance between the population, the environment and the carrying capacity through population control: â€Å"one billion is the number of humans that Ehrlich says he would find acceptable†. He also made predictions about what the world would undergo by 1970. He predicted that the world would go through serious famine and that hundreds of millions of people would have starved to death since there was not going to be enough food to feed them. But he suggested that the answer to fight against this was very simple: to have population control. He also argued that population control had to begin at home and then push other countries to make the same thing so that the whole world finally combine each other to create the proper balance with population control: â€Å"We must have population control at home†¦We must use our political power to push other countries into programs which combine agricultural development and population control. † Through the writing of this book he is creating consciousness in people to decrease as possible the birth rates in the world. ‘An essay on the principle of Population' – Paul Ehrlich is criticizing the work titled ‘An essay on the principle of Population' which was published in 1978 and concentrates in its author; the economist Thomas Malthus. In this essay, Malthus, becomes aware that with an increasing population food supply has also got to increase, they are directly proportional to each other. The bigger population there is, the bigger the food supply has to be. This work pushed others, like Charles Darwin and the sociologist Karl Marx to come up with their own ideas about this hypothesis. Many modern ideologies think that the carrying capacity of the world is about to be surpassed, that humanity is slowly reaching the carrying capacity of Earth. In other words, that the resources existing in the world, will not be enough to sustain its population. An example of this can be for example Asia, which is no the biggest continent in the world but it contains 1/3 of the world's population. And other countries such as Bangladesh and Niger are experiencing a high population and many people are starving to death. Ehrlich also suggests that due to the decrease in fertility rates because of medical advances (vitamins, vaccines etc) the working population will also be decreased. Nevertheless, other countries that have high indices of growth rates have not suffered from an economic decline. This means that even though that the population is increasing, the working population is enough supply all the old people and young ones. Lastly he suggests that most of the worlds populations living in cities are beginning live in urban areas. Ehrlich's ideas are very pessimistic because none of them include a â€Å"good hypothesis† about the future of the world. He does this because he wants to create awareness and sense in people about population bombs. According to optimistic views, all the advances that have occurred in the world are a positive thing and its actually called population growth. Optimists think that for a country to have more jobs and constantly renewing technology is a good indication that the population is growing correctly. On the other hand, Ehrlich believes that populations should be stopped from increasing more, since later on in time this will become a bigger problem. Ehrlich's ideas nowadays are not that useful, but maybe that his hypothesis and ideologies come true one day or the world takes the path that he suggests and by the writing of his famous book, he stops the world from dying of starvation and famine. One criticism to his ideas is that he does not take into account the development of the countries in terms of political, social, and technological, because the ideas may not apply for the USA but they do for Bangladesh, so his points are very generally done. – What Happened to Catastrophic Predictions Made By Radical Environmentalists? Between the decades of 1960 and 1970, the industry of â€Å"cottage† which it had emerged from books with predictions of catastrophes that could occur because of population growth. Twenty years later, by 1990's, these books were proven to have wrong predictions in them, and that they had also exaggerated the view of the consequences of an increasing population. This piece of work makes a very hard judgment for Paul Ehrlich since he is shown to be as a liar because his predictions had not occurred. However, that didn't stop Ehrlich to keep on writing his â€Å"prophecy† books and predictions. Ehrlich was not seen as a trustworthy person and was considered to be a fake, radical person. – Paul Ehrlich Paul Ehrlich is considered to be the new Malthus. Distinctively from Malthus he never gave up with constantly making predictions. He was waiting until out of a coincidence, his predictions would actually become true. The first prediction that Paul Ehrlich's made was that between the decades of 1970 and 1980, hundreds of millions of people would starve to death. When he did this the fact that future strategies to prevent this might arise was not taken into account. His prediction was totally wrong and his prediction about that the death rates would increase uncontrollably was also wrong. As time went by, famine was decreased because of the countries development. In some countries of the Sub-Saharan Africa, there was plenty of food but due to the fact that there was no political force to deliver this to the people. Ehrlich's intended to call the USA government so that they take charge into the population growth problem. With that, Ehrlich purpose was to provide solutions to his main problem: Population growth. His idea was to include in every food production contraceptives. By this he intended to make everyone take in those products which would make them not produce any offspring and by that decrease the population growth. Ehrlich was wrong; again. To make this plan become a reality many things had to be done first, so it would take a lot of time to have it done. Also, this would be an act against the humanities beliefs and rights and at the same time, (taking into account what year it was when this plan was proposed) it would have been scientifically difficult due to the fact that the procedure could be very and extremely difficult. Ehrlich was pro in Bob Packwood's idea that in order to reduce birth rates, for every child born, a tax should be placed to the parents so by doing this there should be reductions for children being born and therefore the birth rate is reduced. Because of this, pregnancies are less attractive to the population and therefore as explained above, birth rates and growth rates would decrease. Ehrlich suggested another way of decreasing birth rates and growth rates implementing what were called â€Å"luxury taxes† for baby accessories. This meant that the normal price of the baby's accessories will be charged higher than normal; reducing the possibility of a couple to have babies or decrease the number they were expecting to have. At the same time, â€Å"responsibility prizes† as suggested by Ehrlich, would be awarded to those people; men and women who practice abstinence. For example: a couple that has been child-less for 3 years and their husbands were committed to practice a vasectomy, were awarded prizes. Ehrlich also came up with a very harsh and un-human solution. He suggested that any food aid from richer countries to poorer countries should be banned. In this way, the population starves and encourages having less people because food is insufficient for everybody. Many people such as Ehrlich make the â€Å"problem† public, such as the population bomb to create awareness and concern in people and the government. They believe that the problems are taking place now, and not in the future. They want attention and fame from the rest of people. However, most researches have been proven to be incorrect and therefore, did not achieve their goal to attract attention.

Compare the advertising campaigns for Benetton and Barnardos Essay

â€Å"Advertising is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of product or service.† 1 Advertising is used to either attract an audience’s attention, an audience to a product or cause or to persuade the audience the merit or desirability of the product or cause. Advertisers do this by defining the qualities of a product, highlighting the difference to other products or by using emotional appeal, stressing peer pressure, using aspiration, fear or stressing the benefits to the consumer’s lifestyle. The main focus of this essay is to compare advertising methods and campaigns employed by Benetton and Bernardos, one for selling clothes and the other trying to help children in need. Bernardos’ campaign is trying to achieve an awareness of child abuse, giving an image of a child in the place of an adult in situations ranging from standing on top of a large building to being about to use heroin or some other form of drug. By using these emotional images of children in an adult situation it emotionally blackmails us into donating to their cause because adults are accountable for their mistakes, which children are basked in innocence, to have this ripped from under them is like defiling the greatest gift and because Bernardo’s uses children instead of adults in these situations makes us even more emotional even though they are the fake pictures, while they can be considered more shocking than images used by Benetton. Text used with each image is also emotionally moving and makes the audience want to help. The image of â€Å"Martin Ward age 29† shows a young boy standing atop a handrail on a large building looking down against a background of dull, grey and large buildings. The background is almost colourless except the very top right corner, with the Bernardos advert on top of the only sky in the image, which is a grey-blue. This represents a bleak life for the persona in the image, except one small part which seems to be being almost guarded by the Bernardos logo. Also the use of colourful clothing on the child shows us that though he is put into an adult situation and his life is bleak, childishness remains and isn’t completely destroyed. The use of yellow on the clothing can seem to represent hope due to yellow being the perceived colour of light. â€Å"Made to feel worthless as a child, it was hardly surprising that Martin could see no other way out† by using this text they highlight on how the bleak landscape may be that of his own mind and what he believes, and though a child is being used to stand on the handrail it could infact either be the last of Martin’s childhood and innocence or that Martin, aged 29 had jumped off a rooftop to his death because of his childhood and so, the child in him is the one who committed suicide. By using and giving a name to the image, it creates a link to reality. An ordinary picture could be fake, it isn’t alive and can’t affect most people yet you give that persona in the picture a name and all of a sudden it’s like it’s alive and people either shy away and ignore it, or get up and believe in a cause and by doing so, this adds even more power to the extremely power of the image and text. Benetton’s campaign is trying to sell a product by using racial stereotypes to highlight our own stereotypes and stereotypical views in their first campaign, then going on to use real extreme or violent images to ask us why we accept how violent the world in whole is and why we do nothing to stop such atrocities. Benetton’s â€Å"Rice in hand† ad is black to cause the audience to be alerted to the advertisement, while making the audience think about the poorest people in the eastern world and how little they have. The open palm can be interpreted as a hand asking for help because of so little they have. The â€Å"Rice in hand† ad is focusing on our essential needs, thus the use of a plain background, only an open palm which can symbolize friendship or peace, and the bare essential food we need, cutting out the luxuries that the west can afford. However the white background could also present the idea that white people in history have been seen as a â€Å"superior† race and so have encroached on black people’s lands and taken it from them until they are left with their own bare minimums. Both of these make people want to break the stereotype of the hoarding white man and the poor black man. Where as the â€Å"Handcuffs† ad is showing a white man and black man connected at the wrist by hand cuffs, they also appear to be wearing blue prison overalls. The handcuff around the black man’s wrist appears to be tighter because of the veins being more visible but this may be coincidence. This ad draws the audience to think about cultural stereotypes of black males as trouble makers where as white people are seen as average; normal and yet the handcuffs may be seen as a link between races, that we are both on the Earth together yet we are separated, thus the only link is the handcuffs which are forcefully put there. The purpose of this advert is to show the links between the races and how we racially or culturally stereotype each other and though we may not want to be with the other race, we have to. The target audience is everyone who is able to consider these ideas as sooner or later lots of people are subjected to racism, be it causing it or fighting it. Both these adverts are trying to raise awareness of the way different races come into contact with each other and have racial or cultural stereotypes. Benetton have exploited this to sell their products. They have no intention of giving their profits to starving people in Africa with less than the minimum needed, or to make bridges between white and black communities, instead they use these images to make the potential customer think about the advert and this causes it to become stuck in their head which is known to increase chances of buying the product. The slogan of â€Å"United colors by Benetton† also factors into this because it almost tricks the buyer into thinking that their money is going to a good cause. The images used are from real situations are intended to shock by means of style, layout, central focus or colour. They also raise awareness of issues while selling a product and I believe it is right to use real images of human suffering in this way because it brings the troubles of the world into the fuzzy pink clouds that are our norm and by interrupting that normality people complain, to which you can reply â€Å"Then why aren’t you doing anything?† If it takes a clothing company to exploit these images to make people believe in helping and becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy then images of real human suffering should definitely be used. The general style for the second campaign is much more extreme and violent than the first which originally prayed on stereotypes; the second campaign used shock to instill care into people. â€Å"We need to have images that will make people think and discuss. Ad agencies are obsolete, they’re out of touch with the times; they’re far too comfortable. When the client is happy, they stop trying. They don’t want to know what’s going on in the world. They create a false reality and want people to believe in it. We show reality and we’re criticized for it.†2 The second campaigns images forced people to examine their reactions to violent images outside of the TV where they were accepted as normal, and not realized how truly horrific they were until now. The â€Å"Death of AIDS Victim† or â€Å"La Pietà  Ã¢â‚¬  ad is extremely moving because the settings, the people in the image are like that of Jesus and yet this is an AIDS victim being compared to the son of God and yet the grief is the same, loved ones and a priest. The image of the wasted corpse, ravaged by disease is enough to burn into someone’s memory without the loved ones crying and it also gives it a sense of reality and despair and it is because of this reality that people block it because they aren’t strong enough to have their safe world penetrated by the reality of the world and it’s violent nature. â€Å"Michelangelo’s Pietà   during the Renaissance might be fake, Jesus Christ may never have existed. That was real promotion. But we know this death has happened. This is the thing. And the more real the thing is, the less people want to see it.†2 Bernardo’s uses fake images of children in the place of adults in extreme adult situations to make us more emotional and likely to donate to their cause, yet this is seen as acceptable while people should be angry they are effectively being blackmailed emotionally and yet Benetton uses real life images and is criticized. â€Å"Shocking violence in the news is normal, but when you take the same photo out of the news and put a Benetton logo on it, people pause and reflect on their position on the problem. When they can’t come to terms with it, they get mad at us.†2 and yet it is these images that we should be happier about compared to the fakes supplied by Bernardo’s. â€Å"It seems that an advertisement which misleads the consumer with deception and lies is considered more correct†2 and this is true with life, because people don’t want reality, they want their perfect worlds where bad things happen to other people far, far away with no consequences on them, yet when the bad things happen to other people far, far away and are brought to them they are outraged. â€Å"people don’t want news, they want olds†3 â€Å"It has always intrigued me how fakes have been accepted and reality is rejected.†2 After analysis, the Bernardo’s campaign seems better equipped to achieve its purpose because it uses image which though still troubling, is deemed less so than that of Benetton’s. Also because it uses fake images instead of real ones, context is added and so people are able to keep their bubbles of saneness that the world’s violence desperately wants to burst. Although Barnardos seeks to get its audience to give for a good cause, it does it through deceit, lies and emotional blackmail though the end justifies the means and it is seen as acceptable while Benetton’s campaign images gives real life at its core it does so for what is seen as the wrong reasons and so is shunned and criticized. Bibliography: 1 – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising 2 – Oliviero Toscani 3 – â€Å"The Truth: A Novel of Discworld† http://www.amazon.com/review/R3LV503LWFE65Z

Eating Animals By Jonathan Safran Foer Essay - 1608 Words

Our nation’s industrial farming has become more than just feeding people; it has become a way for the food industry to make more money as human population continues to grow. Jonathan Safran Foer in his book Eating Animals, illustrates the effects factory farming has had on animals meant for human consumption. Furthermore, Foer asks many questions to the reader on what will it take for us to change our ways before we say enough is enough. The questions individuals need to be asking themselves are: how do we deal with the problem of factory farming, and what can people do to help solve these issues? Eric Schlosser in Fast Food Nation, also illustrates the animal abuse that goes unseen within the food industry as well as Bernard Rollin and Robert Desch in their article â€Å"Farm Factories†, both demonstrate what is wrong today with factory farming. Foer gives such examples of employees who work in slaughterhouses giving accounts of what goes on in the kill floors, and sto ries of employees who have witnessed thousands and thousands of cows going through the slaughter process alive (Animals 231). Namit Arora in the article â€Å"On Eating Animals†, as well as Michael Pollan in his book The Omnivore’s Dilemma, both address some of the issues that animals face once they hit the kill floor. The food industry has transformed not only how people eat, but also the negative effects our climate endures as a result of factory farming as illustrated by Anna Lappe in â€Å"The Climate Crisis at the EndShow MoreRelatedEating Animals, by Jonathan Safran Foer Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book Eating Animals by Jonathan Safran Foer, the author talks about, not only vegetarianism, but reveals to us what actually occurs in the factory farming system. The issue circulating in this book is whether to eat meat or not to eat meat. 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